Jainism And Buddhism Ppt
Buddhism and Jainism vs. Hinduism: Although these three religions have many similarities, there are several differences as well. For example, Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism all have a philosophy developed system. However, Hinduism is based on the Brahmana system and Buddhism and Jainism are based on the Samana system. Dear Ashish, Thanks for the article. Your statement - 'It was to challenge this stratification that two of the world’s major religions, Buddhism and Jainism, took root in north India in the 5th century BC' is completely wrong. Jainism, as it is becoming more and more evident predates Vedic religions, from which Hinduism is born with lots of.
Comparison chart
| Buddhism | Jainism | |
|---|---|---|
| Practices | Meditation, the Eightfold Path; right view, right aspiration, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration | Five vows of Truth, Non-violence, Non-stealing, Non-attachment, control over desires and senses. Greater emphasis on non-violence and truth. Also follow 3 jewels of Right Perception, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct |
| Place of origin | Indian subcontinent | India. |
| Belief of God | The idea of an omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent creator is rejected by Buddhists. The Buddha himself refuted the theistic argument that the universe was created by a self-conscious, personal God. | Jainism does not believe in a Creator God. |
| Use of statues and pictures | Common. Statues are used as meditation objects, and revered as they reflect the qualities of the Buddha. | Common. |
| Life after death | Rebirth is one of the central beliefs of Buddhism. We are in an endless cycle of birth, death and re-birth, which can only be broken by attaining nirvana. Attaining nirvana is the only way to escape suffering permanently. | Until liberation is achieved, circle of rebirths and deaths continue due to Karma via incarnations in any life form on earth, as also heavenly and hellish life forms. |
| Founder | The Buddha (born as Prince Siddhartha) | Rishabhdev- 1st Tirthankar in this era, Further revived by Vardhaman Mahavir- 24th and final Tirthankar of this era |
| Clergy | The Buddhist Sangha, composed of bhikkhus (male monks) and bhikkhunis (female nuns). The sangha is supported by lay Buddhists. | Monks, nuns. |
| Literal Meaning | Buddhists are those who follow the teachings of the Buddha. | To become a Jina (liberated soul) by following the teachings of 24 Tirthankars (ford-makers/teachers) |
| Human Nature | Ignorance, as all sentient beings. In the Buddhist texts, it is seen that when Gautama, after his awakening, was asked whether he was a normal human being, he replied, 'No'. | Human suffering is due to negative effects of bad karma and excessive attachment to material aspects of world. |
| View of the Buddha | The highest teacher and the founder of Buddhism, the all-transcending sage. | Buddha is considered as contemporary of Mahavir |
| Followers | Buddhists | Jains. |
| Place of worship | Buddhist monasteries, temples, shrines. | Temple |
| Original Language(s) | Pali(Theravada tradition) and Sanskrit(Mahayana and Vajrayana tradition) | Ancient texts were written in various languages, predominantly in Magadhi, language prevalent at time of Mahavir and Buddha. |
| Means of salvation | Reaching Enlightenment or Nirvana, following the Noble Eightfold Path. | Goal is to unshackle the soul from bondages of karma which results in misery due to many rebirths and deaths. Once soul is freed from these bondages, it achieves Nirvana and becomes perfect soul free from all attachments, in an eternal blissful state |
| View of other Dharmic religions | Since the word Dharma means doctrine, law, way, teaching, or discipline, other Dharmas are rejected. | Comradeship with other Dharmic religions. |
| Goal of religion | To attain enlightenment and be released from the cycle of rebirth and death, thus attaining Nirvana. | To gain liberation and be released from cycle of rebirths, adopt a path of non-violence towards all living beings. |
| Status of women | No distinctions between men and women. Women are equal to men, and men are equal to women in the Sangha. The Buddha gave Men and Women equal rights and a major part in the Sangha. | Women can become nuns. |
| Holy days/Official Holidays | Vesak day in which the birth, the awakening, and the parinirvana of the Buddha is celebrated. | Paryushan festival |
| Scriptures | Tripitaka - a vast canon composed of 3 sections: the Discourses, the Discipline and the Commentaries, and some early scriptures, such as the Gandhara texts. | Religious scriptures called Agamas. Many other canonical texts. |
| Marriage | It is not a religious duty to marry. Monks and nuns do not marry and are celibate. Advice in the Discourses on how to maintain a happy and harmonious marriage. | Marriage is a social convention and not linked to religion. But followers must strictly follow monogamy. Monks, though have renounced material world, hence strictly follow celibacy. |
| Principle | This life is suffering, and the only way to escape from this suffering is to dispel one's cravings and ignorance by realizing the Four Noble Truths and practicing the Eightfold Path. | Respect all living things. Attain liberation by avoiding and shedding of bad karma which is the cause of rebirths and all sufferings. Five vows and three jewels. |
| Time of origin | 2,500 years ago, circa 563 B.C.E. (Before Common Era) | Very ancient. One of the oldest religions as origin of 1st Tirthankar is too ancient and obscure. Mahavir (24th Tirthankar) born in 599 B.C.E. |
| Can atheists partake in this religion's practices? | Yes. | Yes |
| Population | 500-600 million | 50-60 million |
| Views on Other Religions | Being a practical philosophy, Buddhism is neutral against other religions. | Belief in pluralism and respect other religious view points and try to accomodate them. |
| Religion which atheists may still be adherents of | Yes. | Yes. Jains do not believe in the idea of a Creator God. The laws revolve around Karma. Good Karma lead to spiritual elevation and bad Karma and bad deeds to decline. |
| Goal of Philosophy | To eliminate mental suffering. | Jainism is a way of life, adhere to teachings of Tirthankars, respect all life forms and end goal is to achieve Nirvana. |
| Authority of Dalai Lama | Dalai Lamas are tulkus of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. They are cultural figures and are independent of the doctrinal basis of Buddhism. | N/A. |
| Concept of Deity | n/a. According to some interpretations, there are beings in heaven realms but they are also bound by 'samsara'. They may have less suffering but have not yet achieved salvation (nibbana) | Numerous deities known as Tirthenkaras. But Jains do not worship them in literal sense of idol worship to ask favors. Rather, these Tirthankars are venerated as ideal Men and teachers whose teachings should be followed. |
| Symbols | The conch, endless knot, fish, lotus, parasol, vase, dharmachakra (Wheel of Dharma), and victory banner. | Swastika(used it long before it became a symbol for antisemitism). |
| Geographical distribution and predominance | (Majority or strong influence) Mainly in Thailand, Cambodia, Sri lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Japan, Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Vietnam, China, Mongolia, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Other small minorities exist in other countries. | Mainly in India, lower Asian subcontinent throughout, and America. Small groups exist in most countries. |
| Place and Time of origin | The origin of Buddhism points to one man, Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, who was born in Lumbini (in present-day Nepal). He became enlightened at Bodhgaya, India and delivered his first set of teachings at a deer park in Sarnath, India. | Unending and un-beginning..it has always existed and will continue to do so. Revived in every time cycle. Very ancient, origin obscure dating many millenia |
| Confessing sins | Sin is not a Buddhist concept. | Sin is defined as harm to another. |
| What They Believe | The principle of equality: that all living entities are equal | The teachings of the Buddha come from Mahavira. Therefore, are similar. |
| Teachings about General Conduct | Abstain from evil, strive for nirvana, constantly cleanse the mind. | All actions must strive to be non-violent. |
| Clothing | Bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns) are supposed to wear the Buddhist robe. There is no such rule for lay followers. | One of two of the predominant sects wears white clothes. The other predominant sect is unclothed. |
| Animal Rights | The Buddha taught that animals have equal rights as humans. They are still bound in samsara, and suffer as humans do. Although he urged vegetarianism, he didn't restrict monks from eating meat when it was offered. | As eating the flesh of another is considered harm, it is strictly forbidden. |
| Moral Obligations | The Buddha taught that karma is the reason that we exist. According to the teaching, all our actions of body, speech and mind, will yield results, either in this state of existence, or in a later one. | The teachings of the Buddha come from Mahavira. Therefore, are similar. |
| Sexual Conduct | The Buddha taught that a lay follower should subdue sexual misconduct, which includes consciously cheating on one's spouse, sexual intercourse with another's wife or husband, a minor, or an animal. Monks and nuns are celibate. | The concepts from the Buddha come from Mahavira. Therefore, are similar. |
| Compatibility with Science | Aside from the concepts of karma and rebirth, Buddhism is said to be compatible with many scientific findings. Most Buddhist practices can also be labeled as cognitive science. | The teachings of the Buddha come from Mahavira. Therefore, are similar. |
| Homosexuality | The Buddha accepted both homosexuals and asexuals into the Sangha. In the Buddhist understanding, it is a natural phenomenon, and not different than heterosexualiy. | Does not accept sexual activity as necessary for anything other than reproduction. Therefore, it is not acceptable. |
| Sources of Teachings | Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha), and later masters, such as Nagarjuna, Bodhidharma, and Dogen. | All 24 tirthankars of this time cycle. |
| Offshoot Sects | None. Although Buddhism is divided into many sects in itself. Mahayana and Vajrayana are the two big yanas, while Theravada is closer to earlier Buddhism. | Svetambara and Digambara. There are many offshooting sects. |
The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddharta Gautama (History of Buddhism). India is considered to be the birthplace of Buddhism where Buddha found enlightenment at the age of 35. He was then became to be known as Gautama Buddha, or simply “The Buddha”, which means “the awakened one” (History of Buddhism). Buddha took much of his inspiration from the Indus Valley religions and traditions. Buddhism flourished in India during the dynasty of the Guptas (4th–6th century). Indian Buddhism weakened in the 7th century following White Hun and Islamic invasions. However, it enjoyed a strong revival under the Pala Empire, in which Mahayana Buddhism flourished between the 8th and the 12th century (History of Buddhism). Some non-Buddhist religion adopted many great things from Buddhism doctrine but spoke ill of Buddhism as well to discredit Buddhism. Some other religious fanatics also have persecuted the Buddhists, a process, which other foreign invaders of India followed, until Buddhism was practically driven out of India (Buddhism in India). So by the dawn of the 20th century, Buddhism is limited only in some isolated places in India.
Today, India is again appearing on the Buddhist map of the world due to the Angarika Dhammapala of Sri Lanka and great son of India Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (Dr. B. R. Ambedkar) the architect of modern Indian constitution. He after studying all existing religions of the world embarrassed Buddhism along with his five lakhs followers on 14th October, 1956. Indians are awakening to their Buddhist past. Since then the Indians began to be surprised at the discovery of the Buddhist legacy. To talk of a “revival of Buddhism in modern India” is right in this sense of the discovery of the Buddhist heritage by Indians (Buddhism in India).
Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is a dharmic religion with its origins in the prehistory of India. There are 9 million people around the world who are Jains today. Jainism was established by Mahavira in about 500 B. C. Mahavira was called ‘Jina’ meaning the big winner and from this name was derived the name of the religion. (Information on India). Mahavira’s full name is Vardhamaan Mahavir, he was born in about 600BC. in the home of Siddharta the King of Kundgraam of Bihar province in India on the thirteenth day under the rising moon of Chaitra. He is considered to be the twenty-fourth, or the last Teerthankar of Jainism (Mahavir Swami Nirvaana). He became detached from the world on the death of his parents and left his home for the forest at the age of thirty. There he practiced very hard simple life until he attained enlightenment (Mahavir Swami Nirvaana).
Traditionally, Jains believe that Lord Rishabha was the first human to receive the philosophy in this part of the universe (Jainism). Rishabaha was the son of King Nabhi and Queen Marudevi. Lord Rishabha was the first Tirthankar of our time, and hence is also called Adi-nath, the First Lord. In Jain tradition, he is more than a Tirthankar. As a king, he is credited with development of several innovations affecting the society, as transition was being made from a simple to a more complex society (Jainism).
In many senses Jainism is similar to Buddhism. Jainism like Buddhism developed as a dissention to the Brahmanic philosophy that was dominant during that period in north- east India. Mahavira just like Buddha isn’t the first prophet of his religion. In Jainism, like Buddhism there is a belief in reincarnation which eventually leads to liberation. (information on India).
Adherents believe that Jain philosophy is a codification of eternal universal truths which at times lapse among humanity, but later reappear through the teachings of human beings who have gained enlightenment or omniscience (Jainism). Jainism teaches that every single living thing is an individual and eternal soul, which is responsible for its own actions. Jains see their faith as teaching the individual to live, think and act in ways that respect and honor the spiritual nature of every living being to the best of one’s human abilities (Jainism). Jains view God as the unchanging traits of the pure soul, chief among them being Infinite Knowledge, Perception, Consciousness, and Happiness. The universe itself is seen as being eternal, having no beginning and no end, precluding God from being a creator (Jainism).
Jains also believe that no spirit or divine being can assist them in any way. The Jains consider that gods cannot help the jiva to obtain release. This has to be achieved by individuals through their own efforts. In fact, the angels cannot even gain their own release until they are reincarnated as humans and undertake the difficult actions of removing the karmas (Jainism). Mahatma Gandhi was deeply influenced by the Jain emphasis on a peaceful, non-harming way of life which is common to the Jain philosophy and made it an integral part of his own philosophy (Jainism).
It is generally believed that the two major sects of Jainism, Digambar and Shvetambar, trace their origin to events that occurred about 200 years after the nirvana of Mahāvīr. Bhadrabahu, chief of the Jain monks, foresaw a period of famine and led about 12,000 people, to southern India (Jainism). Twelve years later, they returned to find that the Svetambar sect had arisen. The followers of Bhadrabahu became known as the Digambar sect. However historians have noted that there was no clear division until the 5th century. The Valabhi council of 453 resulted in editing and compilation of scriptures of the Svetambar tradition (Jainism).
Digamber monks like Mahavira don’t wear any clothes, The Digambers include among them only men. The Shvetembers monks on the other hand, wear white clothes and they include women (Information on India). Excavations at Mathura have revealed many Kushana period Jain idols. In all of them the Tirthankaras are represented without clothes. Some of them show monks with only one piece of cloth which is wrapped around the left arm. They are identified as belonging to the ardha-phalaka sect mentioned in some texts. The Yapaniaya sect is believed
Virtual dj echo effect download. have have originated from the Ardha-phalakas. They followed Digambara practice of nudity, but held several beliefs like the Svetambaras (Jainism).
Works Cited
“Antiquity of Jainism.” Jainism. 2005.Ahimsa Foundation. 07 Oct. 2005. <http://www.Jainsamaj.org/literature/antiquity.htm>.
“Buddhism in India.” 2005. United Buddhist Mission. 07 Oct. 2005. <http://www.Buddhaindia.com/Bindia.htm>.
“History of Buddhism.” Buddhism. 03 Oct. 2005. Wikimedia. 07 Oct. 2005. <http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism.html>.
“Information on India-religions in India.” Jainism. 2004. Arahon Daniel. 07 Oct. <http://adraniel.tripod.com/janism.htm>.
“Jainism.” 05 Oct. 2005. Wikimedia. 07 Oct. 2005. <http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/jainism.html>.
Jainism Buddhism And Hinduism Similarities
“Mahavira Swami Nirvaana.” Some activities related to Divali. 1999. TIDCO. 07 Oct. 2005.
<http://www.visittnt.com/ToDo/Events/Divali/Activities.html>. Fl studio 12.4.2 crack only.